Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids: The Genetics Behind
Not all dietary fats are created equal — and not all people respond to the same fats in the same way. The science of nutrigenomics reveals that our individual genetic makeup plays a critical role in determining how our bodies process, utilise, and respond to different types of dietary fat. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are at the centre of this story.
What Are PUFAs?
PUFAs are a class of dietary fats characterised by multiple double bonds in their carbon chain. The two main families are:
Omega-3 PUFAs — found in fatty fish (salmon, mackerel, sardines), flaxseeds, walnuts, and chia seeds. Associated with anti-inflammatory effects, cardiovascular protection, and brain health
Omega-6 PUFAs — found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds. In excess, omega-6 PUFAs can promote inflammation; in balance with omega-3s, they are essential for health
The Genetics Behind PUFA Metabolism
FADS1 and FADS2 — The PUFA Conversion Genes
The FADS1 and FADS2 genes encode fatty acid desaturase enzymes that convert short-chain PUFAs into their longer-chain, more biologically active forms (EPA, DHA, and arachidonic acid). Variants in these genes significantly affect conversion efficiency — people with low-activity FADS variants convert plant-based omega-3s to EPA and DHA very inefficiently, making marine omega-3 sources or supplementation more important for them.
APOE — Fat Transport and Cardiovascular Risk
The APOE gene influences how dietary fats are transported in the blood. APOE e4 carriers show a stronger LDL-raising response to saturated fat and may benefit more from omega-3 supplementation than other APOE genotypes.
PPARG — Fat Storage and Insulin Sensitivity
PPARG variants influence fat cell development and how efficiently the body stores dietary fat. Certain PPARG variants are associated with better metabolic response to omega-3-rich diets.
Health Benefits of Optimising PUFA Intake
Reduces LDL cholesterol and triglycerides
Reduces risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke
Reduces systemic inflammation
Supports brain health and reduces risk of depression
Delays skin ageing and improves gut health
Discover Your Genetic Nutrition and Fitness Profile
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