Lifestyle Disorders — Androgenic Alopecia

Lifestyle Disorders: Androgenic Alopecia

Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is a genetic condition that causes hair loss in men and women. In men, it is called male-pattern baldness (MPHL) — hair withdraws into an ‘M’ shape and thinning occurs at the crown, advancing into partial or total baldness. In women, thinning occurs across the surface of the head without the hairline retreating. AGA has 58% prevalence in men and 19% in women in India.

Risk Factors

• Age — AGA’s severity increases with age, especially after 40 years

• Excess levels of circulating androgens such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

• Family history in maternal relatives

• Androgenic alopecia in men is also linked to coronary heart disease, prostate enlargement, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension

Preventive Measures

• Avoid harsh techniques (chemical dyes, blow drying) to protect hair follicles

• Ensure adequate dietary intake of proteins, omega-3, zinc, biotin, and vitamins A, C, D, and E

• Visit a trichologist if you notice symptoms or wish to adopt a preventive hair care regime

• Since AGA has a very strong genetic component (up to 80% heritable), consult a genetic counsellor if there is family history, for overall risk assessment

The Genetic Angle

AGA is one of the most heritable common conditions — up to 80% of risk is determined by genetics. Variants in genes including AR (androgen receptor), SRD5A2, and multiple loci on chromosomes 20 and X are associated with AGA risk. Knowing your genetic predisposition allows you to take early preventive action before significant hair loss occurs.